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General \copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms \g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe) \h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands \q quit psql

Query Buffer \e [FILE] [LINE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor \ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]] edit function definition with external editor \p show the contents of the query buffer \r reset (clear) the query buffer \s [FILE] display history or save it to file \w FILE write query buffer to file

Input/Output \copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host \echo [STRING] write string to standard output \i FILE execute commands from file \ir FILE as \i, but relative to location of current script \o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe \qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \o)

Informational (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail) \d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences \d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index \da[S] [PATTERN] list aggregates \db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces \dc[S+] [PATTERN] list conversions \dC[+] [PATTERN] list casts \dd[S] [PATTERN] show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere \ddp [PATTERN] list default privileges \dD[S+] [PATTERN] list domains \det[+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables \des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers \deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings \dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers \df[antw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions \dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations \dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries \dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers \dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates \dg[+] [PATTERN] list roles \di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes \dl list large objects, same as \lo_list \dL[S+] [PATTERN] list procedural languages \dn[S+] [PATTERN] list schemas \do[S] [PATTERN] list operators \dO[S+] [PATTERN] list collations \dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges \drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings \ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences \dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables \dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types \du[+] [PATTERN] list roles \dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views \dE[S+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables \dx[+] [PATTERN] list extensions \l[+] list all databases \sf[+] FUNCNAME show a function's definition \z [PATTERN] same as \dp

Formatting \a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode \C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none \f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output \H toggle HTML output mode (currently off) \pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option (NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|fieldsep_zero|footer|null| numericlocale|recordsep|recordsep_zero|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager}) \t [on|off] show only rows (currently off) \T [STRING] set HTML

Connection \c[onnect] {[DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo} connect to new database (currently "postgres") \encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding \password [USERNAME] securely change the password for a user \conninfo display information about current connection

Operating System \cd [DIR] change the current working directory \setenv NAME [VALUE] set or unset environment variable \timing [on|off] toggle timing of commands (currently off) \! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell

Variables \prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable \set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters \unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable

Large Objects \lo_export LOBOID FILE \lo_import FILE [COMMENT] \lo_list \lo_unlink LOBOID large object operations